The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is one of three artistic institutions within the Woodruff Arts Center in Atlanta, Georgia. The first iteration of the orchestra was formed in 1923 with Enrico Leide (1887-1970) serving as conductor; by the end of the decade, the orchestra had dissolved. The orchestra was revived in 1945 as the Atlanta Youth Orchestra with Henry Sopkin (1903-1988) as its conductor, a role he served in until 1966. In 1967, Robert Shaw (1916-1999) took over as the music director. In 1975 the ASO began producing recordings and subsequently won twenty-seven Grammys and awards from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). The ASO became the first American orchestra to release a digital recording for commercial release in 1979 with Stravinsky’s Firebird Suite and Borodin’s Polovtsian Dances from Prince Igor. Yoel Levi (1950- ) replaced Shaw as music director from 1988 through 2000. In 1991, ASO toured Europe for the first time, and in 1996 it played during the opening and closing ceremonies of the Summer Olympics in Atlanta. In 2001 Robert Spano (1961- ) served as its fourth music director until 2021, and in 2022 Nathalie Stutzmann (1965- ) became the first woman music director of the ASO.